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萨义姆·艾哈迈德: 孟加拉国以绿色政策促进绿色发展

日期:2023-4-6      分类:经贸合作      点击:


3月26日,在亚洲青年领袖论坛“亚洲的未来”青年领袖交流会上,孟加拉国外交部东亚和太平洋事务司主任萨义姆·艾哈迈德发表了主旨演讲。


全文如下:


各位领导:


感谢你们为亚洲青年组织了一个出色的论坛,也非常感谢中国成为亚洲增长的先驱。我就职于孟加拉国外交部,担任东亚和太平洋事务司主任,也负责与中国有关的事务,中国是孟加拉国最大的贸易伙伴。今天,我将就孟加拉国的绿色发展做一个主题演讲。


孟加拉国经济实现了巨大的发展,使孟加拉国成为世界上增长最快的经济体之一。孟加拉国曾被称为贫穷和天灾之国,频频遭受洪水、飓风和干旱的侵袭,但现在已成为世界第三十五大经济体。强劲的宏观经济基本面和贸易一体化,使孟加拉国在过去十年中国内生产总值平均增长率超过6.5%,在新冠疫情爆发前的2018、2019财政年度更是超过了8%。我们的人均收入在短短十年内增加了两倍,达到2824美元。国内生产总值从2006年的区区600亿美元上升到了4650亿美元。在此期间,贫困率已从41.5%下降到20%。孟加拉国非常重视普惠于民,因此才造就了这一发展成果。绿色发展是谢赫·哈西娜首相领导的政府的重点工作,致力于在孟加拉国实现友好的、可持续的和包容的发展。


第一个绿色政策在2009年至2013年间实施。 政府建立了强有力的制度框架,由绿色增长总统委员会协调,实施了为期五年的绿色政策。为确保资金充足,采用了2%预算制,即每年将国内生产总值的2%用于绿色政策的投资。绿色政策也被纳入年度规划和预算编制过程。


政策的实施取得了显著成果,包括减少了碳排放,降低了对进口化石燃料的依赖,提高了可再生能源的生产和消费,改善了空气质量和水质,提高了绿色制造产品的生产和出口,促进了经济复苏、出口和就业,保障了稳定供水,减少了洪水事件,创造了绿色的城市生活空间,增强了对气候变化的适应性。此外,经济增长还得益于制造业的发展,不断壮大的中产阶级推动的私人消费以及汇款增加和农村及能源基础设施改善所催生的充满活力的农村经济。


孟加拉国的强劲增长主要由私营部门主导,出口额从2008年的161.8亿美元增加到2022年的600亿美元。目前,孟加拉国是世界上第二大成衣出口国。如今生机勃勃的私营部门是政府大胆决定开放贸易和商业的结果。孟加拉国在其主要出口创汇行业中的成衣行业的绿色发展方面取得了重大成就。世界顶级环保服装厂,即绿色纺织有限公司就位于孟加拉国。根据美国绿色建筑委员会的标准证书,该工厂在世界最佳环保工厂名单中名列前茅。委员会根据最新排名于 2023 年 2 月 21 日颁发了该证书。根据这份最新名单,世界十大环保工厂中有八家位于孟加拉国。


经济的另一支柱即农产品行业,是孟加拉国一个独特的价值定位。孟加拉国在大米、蔬菜、黄麻、淡水鱼、土豆和芒果等各种农产品的生产中经常名列前十。


孟加拉国已经通过持续长达百年的孟加拉三角洲计划、2041年愿景规划和第八个五年规划,引入了绿色增长战略的许多要素。纳入三角洲计划和2041年愿景规划的绿色增长愿景已转化为“八五”规划中的一个五年实施计划。重点在于水资源的可持续管理,这是孟加拉国的首要任务,因为它会对绿色增长造成影响。洪水、盐碱化和水涝造成的土地退化、干旱、缺水,这些是需要采取行动的领域。减少化石燃料使用,管理甲烷气体排放,管理工业、建筑和交通污染,环境法规和标准的结合,税收和补贴,合适的化石燃料定价政策,用水供应和消毒以及基于绿色经济的公共和私人投资,这些都是确保进一步成功所必需的。


谢谢大家。

Sayem Ahmed shares experience of Bangladesh’s green development

On 26 March, Sayem Ahmed, director of East Asia and Pacific Wing of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bangladesh, delivered a keynote speech at the Youth Leaders Exchange on “Future of Asia” of the Asia Youth Leaders Forum. Following is the full text of the speech.

Yours Excellencies,

I’m so thankful to you for organizing such a wonder forum for the Asian youth, and very grateful to China for being a harbinger in this growth in Asia. I work at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Bangladesh, as a director of East Asia and Pacific Wing, which is concerning with China. China is Bangladesh’s largest trading partner. Today, I’m going to make a keynote speech on development in Bangladesh in terms of green development.

Bangladesh has made tremendous economic progress that made it as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Once dubbed as a country of the poor and natural calamities like flood, cyclone, and drought, Bangladesh is now the world’s 35th largest economy. Strong macroeconomic fundamentals and trade integration has enabled Bangladesh to register average GDP growth rate of more than 6.5 percent in last ten years, and over 8 percent in fiscal year 2018-19 just before the outbreak of COVID-19. Our per capita income has tripled to USD 2,824 just in a decade. The GDP size rose to USD 465 billion from a mere 60 billion in 2006. During the period, poverty rate has been reduced to 20 percent from 41.5 percent. Bangladesh paid a lot of importance to benefit all walks of lives in the society to bring about this development. Green development is a priority in this regard, which is practiced by the Government of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to have friendly, sustainable, inclusive development in Bangladesh.

The first Green Deal was implemented over 2009 to 2013.  The government established a strong institutional framework with coordination provided by the Presidential Committee on Green Growth and implementation of the 5-year Green Deal Plans. To ensure adequacy of financing, a 2% budget rule was adopted, whereby the Green Deal investments were allocated 2% of GDP per year. The Green Deals were also integrated with the annual planning and budgeting process. 

The results of implementation have been remarkably successful in terms of reduced carbon emission; lower dependence on imported fossil fuels; higher production and consumption of renewable energy; cleaner air and water; higher production and exports of green manufacturing products; recovery of economic growth, exports, and employment; stable supply of water; reduction in flooding; green urban living spaces; and much stronger adaptation to climate change. Apart from this, the success of economic growth has also been fueled by manufacturing sector, private consumption primarily driven by a growing middle-class, and a vibrant rural economy supported by increased remittances and improvement in rural and energy infrastructure. 

The country’s stellar growth has primarily been private-sector-led, with exports increasing from USD 16.18 billion in 2008 to USD 60 billion in 2022. Bangladesh is currently the second largest exporter of ready-made garment in the world. Today’s vibrant private sector is the outcome of the government’s courageous policy-decision to open up trade and business for private sector. Bangladesh has significant achievement of green development in her major export earning sector – the ready-made garment. The world’s top eco-friendly garment factory, namely the Green Textile Limited, is in Bangladesh. The factory is placed at the top in the list of world’s best eco-friendly factories as per the US Green Building Council (USGBC) standard certificate. This latest ranking of the USGBC issued the certificate on 21 February 2023. According to this latest list, eight out of the world’s top ten eco-friendly factories are in Bangladesh alone.

Another major area in economy, the agribusiness sector, provides a unique value proposition for Bangladesh. Bangladesh is often ranked among the top 10 producers in various agribusiness produces, including rice, vegetables, jute, sweet-water fish, potato, and mango. 

Bangladesh has already brought in many elements of a green growth strategy through the adoption of the next 100-year Bangladesh Delta Plan, the Perspective Plan of 2041, and the 8th Five Year Plan. The green growth vision incorporated in the Delta Plan and the Perspective Plan has been translated into a 5-year implementation plan in the 8th Five Year Plan. The main focus is on sustainable management of water, which is a top priority for Bangladesh given its impact on green growth. Flooding, land degradation through salinity and water logging, droughts, and water shortage, these are the areas where the actions to be taken. A combination of lowering use of fossil fuel; managing methane gas emission; and managing industrial, construction, and transport pollution; a combination of environmental regulations and standards; taxes and subsidies; proper pricing policies of fossil fuel; water supply and sanitation; and green-economy-based public and private investments will be necessary for further success. 

Thank you very much.

主办单位

  • 中国公共外交协会
  • 中国和平发展基金会
  • 广州市人民政府
  • 亚洲青年领袖联合会

承办单位

  • 广州公共外交协会
  • 广州市南沙区人民政府
  • 广州市人民对外友好协会

智库支持单位

  • 暨南大学全球青年领导力研究院
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